Sains Malaysiana 53(10)(2024): 3355-3367

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-10

Toxicological Evaluation of Sargassum polycystum in Mice with Loperamide-Induced Constipation

 (Penilaian Toksikologi Sargassum polycystum pada Tikus dengan Sembelit Akibat Loperamide)

CHITTIPONG TIPBUNJONG^1,*, TANAPORN HENGPRATOM¹, SARANYA PEERAKIETKHAJORN², JARUWAN MAYAKUN², NAWIYA HUIPAO¹, PISSARED KHUITUAN¹, PIYAPORN SURINLERT³ & CHUMPOL PHOLPRAMOOL⁴

¹Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand

²Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand

³Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum-Thani 12120, Thailand

 ⁴Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand

Diserahkan: 23 Disember 2023/Diterima: 21 Ogos 2024

Abstract

Constipation gradually increases in people after the age of 50 years leading to difficulty in stool passage. Until now, there have been no effective drugs without side effects. This study investigated the preventive potential and toxicity of Sargassum polycystum extract (SPE) against loperamide-induced constipation in mice. Daily oral administration of SPE (100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 14 days significantly increased defecation frequency in constipation mice. Additionally, no significant differences in blood haematological and biochemical indices between the control, constipation and SPE-treated groups were detected. Histopathological examinations revealed non-toxic effects in liver, kidney and colon tissue samples from the SPE-treated groups compared with the control and constipation groups. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the administration of SPE significantly modulated Saa3, Odc1 and Clu expressions that promote the health of living organisms compared with the control group. Overall, this study showed that daily oral administration of Sargassum polycystumfor 14 days could prevent constipation without any adverse effects. Sargassum polycystumis suitable for further use as a supplement or drug to manage constipation.

Keywords: Constipation; histopathology; Sargassum sp.; seaweed; toxicity

Abstrak

Sembelit berlaku secara beransur-ansur kepada orang berusia selepas 50 tahun yang membawa kepada kesukaran untuk membuang najis. Sehingga kini, tiada ubat yang berkesan tanpa kesan sampingan. Penyelidikan ini mengkaji potensi pencegahan dan ketoksikan ekstrak Sargassum polycystum (SPE) terhadap sembelit yang disebabkan oleh loperamide pada tikus. Administrasi oral harian SPE (100, 500 dan 1000 mg/kg) selama 14 hari meningkatkan kekerapan buang air besar dengan ketara pada tikus sembelit. Selain itu, tiada perbezaan ketara dalam indeks hematologi dan biokimia darah antara kumpulan kawalan, sembelit dan rawatan SPE dikesan. Pemeriksaan histopatologi mendedahkan kesan bukan toksik dalam sampel tisu hati, buah pinggang dan kolon daripada kumpulan yang dirawat SPE berbanding kumpulan kawalan dan sembelit. Tindak balas rantai polimerase masa nyata menunjukkan bahawa administrasi SPE memodulasi pengekspresan Saa3, Odc1 dan Clu dengan ketara yang menggalakkan kesihatan organisma hidup berbanding dengan kumpulan kawalan. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa administrasi Sargassum polycystum secara oral setiap hari selama 14 hari dapat mengelakkan sembelit tanpa sebarang kesan buruk. Sargassum polycystumsesuai untuk kegunaan selanjutnya sebagai suplemen atau ubat untuk menguruskan sembelit.

Kata kunci: Histopatologi, ketoksikan; rumpai laut; Sargassum sp., sembelit

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: chittipong.t@psu.ac.th